India’s submissions to the UN Plastics Treaty negotiations prioritize economic interests over environmental sustainability. Emphasizing perceived conflicts with World Trade Organization rules, India risks overshadowing the urgent need for effective measures to combat plastic pollution. The country’s massive petrochemical industry expansion and advocacy for fragmented approaches raise environmental responsibility concerns. The plastic crisis in India, primarily affecting marginalized communities, exposes socioeconomic and justice issues. Despite evidence linking plastics to climate change and health hazards, India’s position reflects a prioritization of short-term economic gains over long-term environmental well-being. Ambitious, science-based measures are essential for addressing interconnected challenges.